ABSTRACT
Purpose@#The purpose of the this study was to examine the dietary knowledge and educational needs of stroke patients and analyze the related factors that are associated with dietary knowledge and educational needs. @*Methods@#Our study analyzed data from 146 stroke patients. The survey was conducted by individual interviews using questionnaires and data collected from participants’ medical records. Dietary knowledge and educational needs were measured by tools developed by the author. @*Results@#The mean scores for the dietary knowledge and educational needs were 19.09± 3.48 and 36.17± 7.18, respectively. Many stroke patients had misconceptions about soy sauce, cholesterol, and fruits. The most needed items in dietary education was first identifying foods that are beneficial or harmful, and second, food interaction with medications. As for the results of multiple regressions, dietary knowledge was significantly associated with gender, educational attainment, monthly income, exercise, body mass index, and level of compliance to dietary therapy. Additionally, the educational needs were significantly related with educational attainment and employment. @*Conclusion@#For secondary prevention of stroke patients, education strategy considering dietary knowledge and educational needs of stroke patients should be established. Special attention is needed for stroke patients with a lower level of dietary knowledge and educational needs.
ABSTRACT
The original version of this article contained error in the URL of the SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Smad3 linker phosphorylation plays essential roles in tumor progression and metastasis. We have previously reported that the mutation of Smad3 linker phosphorylation sites (Smad3-Erk/Pro-directed kinase site mutant constructs [EPSM]) markedly reduced the tumor progression while increasing the lung metastasis in breast cancer. METHODS: We performed high-throughput RNA-Sequencing of the human prostate cancer cell lines infected with adenoviral Smad3-EPSM to identify the genes regulated by Smad3-EPSM. RESULTS: In this study, we identified genes which are differentially regulated in the presence of Smad3-EPSM. We first confirmed that Smad3-EPSM strongly enhanced a capability of cell motility and invasiveness as well as the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker genes, CDH2, SNAI1, and ZEB1 in response to TGF-β1 in human pancreatic and prostate cancer cell lines. We identified GADD45B, CTGF, and JUNB genes in the expression profiles associated with cell motility and invasiveness induced by the Smad3-EPSM. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that inhibition of Smad3 linker phosphorylation may enhance cell motility and invasiveness by inducing expression of GADD45B, CTGF, and JUNB genes in various cancers.